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人工智能正在重塑全球产业生态，对以就业为导向的职业教育而言，教师的教学能力面临新的挑战和要求。本研究构建了职业院校教师人工智能(AI)素养的概念框架，包括AI通用素养与职业教育AI专有素养两个方面。基于该框架开展问卷调研，收到全国600份有效问卷，运用结构方程模型探讨了AI素养各维度的发展水平及其之间的作用关系。研究结果表明，相比AI通用素养，教师非常欠缺职业教育AI专有素养；AI通用素养也处于早期认识阶段，教师在教学中应用AI及创新方面存在不足。教师从认识与理解AI,向基于AI开展教学评估与创造的转化过程中，教学中应用AI起到了最关键的中介作用。教师AI伦理与责任意识对AI素养发展的影响呈现两面性，既通过教学中应用AI对AI教学评估与创造能力有正向促进作用，也对其产生抑制作用。基于上述发现，提出三个方面的提升策略：一是以AI教学应用实践为核心，构建教师AI素养发展体系；二是深化产教融合，推动教师AI通用素养与行业应用能力同步提升；三是将AI伦理教育融入教学与实训全过程，强化教师价值理性。
Abstract：Artificial intelligence(AI) is reshaping the global industrial ecosystem, posing new challenges and requirements for teachers' instructional competencies in employment-oriented vocational education. This study constructed a conceptual framework of AI literacy for vocational teachers, comprising two dimensions: general AI literacy and vocational education-specific AI literacy. Based on this framework, a nationwide survey was conducted, yielding 600 valid teacher responses. Structural equation modeling was employed to examine the development levels of various AI literacy dimensions and the relationships among them. The results indicate that, compared with general AI literacy, teachers are severely lacking in vocational education-specific AI literacy; even general AI literacy remains at an early recognition stage, with clear deficiencies in applying AI in teaching and fostering innovation. Applying AI in teaching play a critical mediating role in teachers' transformation from understanding AI to practical skills for teaching assessment and innovative activities. Teachers' awareness of AI ethics and responsibility exhibits a dual effect: it jointly promotes teaching assessment and innovation capability when combined with applying AI in teaching, but may also exert inhibitory effects on this capability. Based on these findings, three strategies are proposed to enhance teachers' AI literacy:(1) centering on AI teaching application practice to establish a teacher AI literacy development system;(2) deepening production-education integration to promote the coordinated development of teachers' general AI literacy and industry application ability; and(3) integrating AI ethics education throughout teaching and practical training to strengthen value rationality.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13927/j.cnki.yuan.20251103.001
中图分类号:G715.1;G434
引用信息:
[1]韩锡斌,郭文欣,李梦.职业院校教师人工智能素养现状及提升策略[J].现代远距离教育,2025,No.221(05):3-11.DOI:10.13927/j.cnki.yuan.20251103.001.
基金信息:
2023年度国家社会科学基金教育学重大项目“数字教育形态研究”(编号：VCA230011)