现代远距离教育

基于技术生态位理论构建教育技术生态位概念及分析框架，为阐释技术变革教育提供了系统视角。教育技术生态位以教育技术为主视角，描述其在教育系统中占据的独特位置、承担的功能角色，以及其与教育系统内外要素之间形成的“生态作用”关系。新的教育技术生态位的形成与稳定包含微观、中观、宏观三个变迁层级，微观层表达了其形成需要“态”的继承与“势”的稳定；中观层表达了其占据主导地位的核心表现在于对教育规律、教育理念的遮蔽或彰显；宏观层表达了社会其他要素对其的共同作用。结合此三个变迁层级，文章系统阐释了以生成式人工智能为核心的教育技术生态位的发展过程，及其变革教育的应然与实然过程。在此基础上，为引导该生态位走向健康、可持续的发展道路，需要构建以“人的全面自由发展”为根本宗旨的“教育-技术-人”协同生态，通过建立循环发展观、倡导多元主体的系统性责任、塑造技术与生命共同发展途径，最终迈向人机共生的教育未来。

Grounded in technological niche theory, the concept and analytical framework of the educational technology niche offer a systematic perspective for interpreting how technology transforms education. Anchored in educational technology as its primary lens, the educational technology niche describes the unique position it occupies within the educational system, the functional roles it assumes, and the “ecological interactions” it forms with various internal and external elements of that system. The formation and stabilization of a new educational technology niche unfold across three levels of transformation—micro, meso, and macro. At the micro level, the formation of educational technology niche entails the inheritance of existing “states” and the stabilization of emergent “momentum.” At the meso level, the dominant position of new technologies is reflected in their capacity to either obscure or illuminate educational principles and values. At the macro level, it results from the joint influence of broader societal forces. Integrating these three levels, this study systematically illustrates the developmental trajectory of the educational technology niche centered on Generative Artificial Intelligence(GenAI) and analyzes both the normative and empirical processes through which it reshapes education. Building on this analysis, we argue that guiding the niche toward a healthy and sustainable developmental path requires constructing an “education-technology-human” collaborative ecosystem rooted in the fundamental aim of fostering the comprehensive and free development of human beings. By cultivating a cyclical view of development, advocating for the systemic responsibilities of diverse stakeholders, and fostering pathways for the co-development of technology and life, the educational system can ultimately progress toward a future of human-AI symbiosis.